Recent Advances on Hybrid Piezo-Triboelectric Bio-Nanogenerators: Materials, Architectures and Circuitry

Nanogenerators, based on piezoelectric or triboelectric materials, have emerged in the recent years as an attractive cost-effective technology for harvesting energy from renewable and clean sources, but also human sensing biomedical wearable/implantable applications. Advances materials engineering enlightened new opportunities creation use of novel biocompatible soft well micro/nano-structured chemically-functionalized interfaces. Hybridization is a key concept that can be used to enhance performances single devices, by coupling more transducing mechanisms single-integrated micro-system. It has attracted plenty research interest due promising effects signal enhancement simultaneous adaptability different operating conditions. This review covers classifies main types hybridization piezo-triboelectric bio-nanogenerators it provides overview most advances terms material synthesis, applications, power-management circuits technical issues development reliable implantable devices. State-of-the-art applications fields harvesting, vitro/in vivo sensing, bioelectronics are outlined presented. The applicative perspectives challenges finally discussed, with aim suggest improvements design implementation next-generation hybrid biosensors.